CPU : Central Processing Unit (Processor)

CPU (Central Processing Unit) - It is an important part of the computer, CPU is the most crucial parts of the computer system. CPU is perform some basic arithmetic ,logical and input- output operations. The CPU is also called the brain of the computer because its is performing the basic thing such as fetch, decode and execute the data. CPU handles all instructions receives from hardware or software running on the computer. For example pressing a button on keyboard is taking information as input process it and gives the output on the monitor.

The CPU consists of a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The control unit fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, and sends signals to the ALU to execute the instructions. The ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and comparison. The results of these operations are then stored in memory or sent to other parts of the computer.

The CPU communicates with other parts of the computer through a bus, which is a set of wires that transfers data, instructions, and control signals between the CPU, memory, and peripheral devices. The speed of the CPU is measured in GHz (gigahertz), which is the number of clock cycles per second. The clock rate of the CPU is determined by the clock generator, which generates a fixed number of clock cycles per second. The clock rate determines the speed of the CPU and the speed of the computer as a whole.

There are two types of CPU architectures: CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing) and RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing). CISC CPUs have a large number of instructions, which allow for complex operations to be performed with fewer instructions. This makes them easier to program, but also requires more transistors and results in higher power consumption. RISC CPUs have a smaller instruction set and are designed to perform operations quickly and efficiently. RISC CPUs require fewer transistors, which makes them more power-efficient, but also more difficult to program.

 

CPU has 3 Important Parts :

• Memory Unit
• Arithmetic logic Unit
• control Unit

Memory Unit store the data into the resister for decoding that is called fetching the data. It stored the data before the output.

Control unit is decodes the instructions and tells to the Arithmetic Logic Unit to what to do by providing control signals, and then return (output) the processed data back to main memory.

Arithmetic Logic unit is perform two types of functions mathemetical and logical operations. Arithmetic unit performs addition , subtraction, multiplication and division and Logic Unit performs comparision and decision. This section is responsible or execution of data.

 

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