Transmission Media in Computer network
Transmission media refers to the physical channels or pathways through which data is transmitted from one device to another in a computer network. The transmission media play a critical role in the performance and reliability of a network. In this article, we will discuss the different types of transmission media used in networking.
Types of Transmission Media
There are two main types of transmission media used in networking: guided media and unguided media. Guided media, also known as wired media, use physical cables to transmit data. Unguided media, also known as wireless media, use electromagnetic waves to transmit data without the use of cables.
Guided Media
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Twisted Pair Cable: Twisted pair cable is the most common type of guided media used in local area networks (LANs). It consists of two or more insulated copper wires twisted together to reduce interference from other cables and external sources. Twisted pair cable is available in two types: shielded twisted pair (STP) and unshielded twisted pair (UTP). STP has a shielding layer to protect against electromagnetic interference, while UTP does not.
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Coaxial Cable: Coaxial cable is a type of guided media that consists of a central copper conductor surrounded by a layer of insulating material, a braided shield, and an outer jacket. Coaxial cable is used in cable television and broadband Internet networks.
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Fiber Optic Cable: Fiber optic cable is a type of guided media that uses light to transmit data. It consists of a thin strand of glass or plastic fiber that carries light signals. Fiber optic cable has a high bandwidth, is immune to electromagnetic interference, and can transmit data over long distances.
Unguided Media
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Radio Waves: Radio waves are the most common type of unguided media used in wireless networks. They are used for cellular networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs), and other wireless communication systems.
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Infrared: Infrared waves are used in wireless networks for short-range communication between devices. Infrared waves are commonly used in remote controls, and some older wireless local area networks (WLANs) also used infrared technology.
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Microwave: Microwave is a type of unguided media that uses high-frequency radio waves to transmit data. Microwave is used for point-to-point communication over long distances.
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Satellite: Satellite is a type of unguided media used for long-distance communication. Satellites orbit the earth and relay signals from one location to another.
Transmission media is an essential component of computer networks. The type of transmission media used in a network can have a significant impact on the performance, reliability, and security of the network. Choosing the right type of transmission media is critical to ensure that the network meets its performance goals and can transmit data with minimal delay, loss, or interference. Network administrators should carefully evaluate the different types of transmission media available and choose the one that best fits their network requirements.